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Table 2 Average of annual outpatient and inpatient costs related to the presence of CVDs with or without other chronic disease comorbidities in US dollars between 2016 and 2018

From: The impact of multimorbidity among adults with cardiovascular diseases on healthcare costs in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis

Variable

Outpatient costs in USD Mean (SD)

Inpatient costs in USD Mean (SD)

 

Overall (N = 215,660)

Individuals who belonged to non-subsidized households (N = 173,174)

Individuals who belonged to subsidized households (N = 42,486)

Overall (N = 114,918)

Individuals who belonged to non -subsidized households

(N = 84,214)

Individuals who belonged to subsidized households

(N = 30,704)

Overall

179.6 (703.5)

195.81 (749.12)

137.0 (563.0)

634.8 (940.9)

720.3 (1056.3)

470.9 (634.7)

 Groups of patients

  (1) No CVDs, but with single chronic morbidity

121.8 (500.9)

126.8 ( 523.1)

110.0 (444.6)

441.6 (508.9)

480.9 (553.4)

377.1 (418.2)

  (2) No CVDs, but with multimorbidity

256.6 (964.1)

238.5 (1041.3)

181.4 (689.0)

757.1 (945.9)

848.8 (1050.4)

565.6 (636.6)

  (3) CVDs, but no comorbidity

107.1 (176.5)

117.9 (190.01)

79.8 (132.8)

610.7 (950.0)

717.9 (1124.12)

444.5 (544.9)

  (4) CVDs and one comorbidity

214.2 (702.45)

225.9 (701.78)

176.3 (703.5)

750.2 (1162.3)

843.1 (1276.1)

534.0 (799.1)

  (5) CVDs and multimorbidity

415.2 (1214.12)

438.8 (1238.5)

312.1 (1096.3)

1135.2 (1602.9)

1213.2 (1672.7)

858.8 (1289.0)

  1. Costs associated with out- and inpatient visits were presented in the U.S. dollar (USD) value for 2018. In- and outpatient costs were the average total costs associated with chronic diagnosis per patient annually. All costs presented in the analysis used a payer’s perspective based on the tariff paid by the healthcare insurance agency [25]. CVDs—cardiovascular diseases. All analyses were weighted with analytical sample weight