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Table 1 Main restrictions on gambling during Covid-19 in Finland

From: Availability restrictions and mandatory precommitment in land-based gambling: effects on online substitutes and total consumption in longitudinal sales data

Restriction

Time period

Reduction of land-based EGM numbers and arcades (from 18 500 to less than 10 000 EGMs, closure of 14 arcades during 2022)

2020–2022

Covid-19 restrictions on EGM and table game availability

First wave

14.3.2020–15.7.2020

Second wave*

26.11.2020–6.5.2021

Third wave*

6.8.2021–1.10.2021

Reduced monthly loss limits for fast-paced online gambling (from 2000 to 500 euros)a*,b*

1.5.2020–1.10.2020

Reduced daily loss limits for fast-paced online gambling (from 1000 to 500 euros)a*

1.5.2020 (permanent change)

Covid-19-related cancellations of sports events**

13.3.2020–15.6.2020

Mandatory identification (non-casino EGMs)c*

12.1.2021

Mandatory identification and daily purchase limit (land-based sports betting)

10.6.2021

Mandatory identification (arcade EGMs and table games)

1.7.2021

Mandatory precommitment (all land-based EGMs)d*

1.9.2021

  1. * Depending on the hospital district
  2. ** Important variations across leagues, dates coincide with the most common restriction periods
  3. a−d* Policy changes shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6