Table 2 Results of single-level gamma regression of the association between walkability at the area level and mean HbA_1c (n = 4352)

Walkability (tertiles)

^RLeast walkable

732

5.45

-

-

-

-

Medium walkable

1017

5.33

0.894(0.797–1.001)

0.904(0.815–1.002)

0,905(0,817–1,003)

0,906(0,821–0,999)

Most walkable

2603

5.34

0.898(0.795–1.013)

0.909(0.815–1.015)

0,917(0,821–1,025)

0,919(0,822–1,028)

Sex

Female

2388

5.34

0.973(0.939–1.007)

0,979(0,949–1,011)

0,98 (0,95 − 1,011)

^RMale

1964

5.35

-

-

-

Age group

25–29

322

5.09

0.591(0.539–0.649)

0,597(0,542–0,658)

0,595(0,540–0,656)

30–34

371

5.18

0.647(0.599–0.698)

0,651(0,594–0,713)

0,648(0,590–0,712)

35–39

518

5.18

0.649(0.581–0.726)

0,651(0,583–0,727)

0,650(0,581–0,727)

40–44

590

5.26

0.7(0.629–0.779)

0,698(0,619–0,788)

0,697(0,618–0,787)

45–49

526

5.37

0.787(0.678–0.914)

0,780(0,679–0,896)

0,778(0,678–0,893)

50–54

558

5.40

0.811(0.733–0.897)

0,801(0,72 − 0,891)

0,800(0,719–0,890)

55–59

443

5.50

0.891(0.778–1.021)

0,881(0,755–1,029)

0,878(0,752–1,026)

60–64

441

5.54

0.935(0.844–1.035)

0,927(0,83 − 1,036)

0,926(0,830–1,035)

65–69

331

5.52

0.909(0.83–0.995)

0,91(0,831–0,997)

0,908(0,828–0,996)

^R70-74

252

5.61

-

-

-

Educational level

^RNo education/ basic 1st cycle

1209

5.5

-

-

Basic 2nd/3rd cycle

1473

5.35

0,985(0,922–1,051)

0,984(0,922–1,05)

Secondary

872

5.26

0,948(0,894–1,005)

0,946(0,892–1,003)

Higher

794

5.23

0,933(0,875–0,995)

0,932(0,873–0,994)

Employment

Employed

2775

5.29

1,026(0,959–1,098)

1,027(0,96 − 1,099)

Other without professional activity

1086

5.5

0,994(0,915–1,081)

0,994(0,916–1,078)

^RUnemployed

488

5.31

-

-

Area socioeconomic deprivation (quintiles)

1st (least deprived)

428

5.34

0,983(0,914–1,058)

2nd

760

5.36

1,02(0,946–1,099)

3rd

791

5.35

0,984(0,92 − 1,052)

4th

1251

5.33

0,971(0,907–1,04)

^R5th (most deprived)

1122

5.34

-