Table 1 Prevalence of multiple sensory impairment across the spectrum of laterality, stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity in the PIONEER study sample (N = 2057)
Age group (year) | All (N = 2057) n (%) | Sex | Ethnicity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male (N = 929) n (%) | Female (N = 1128) n (%) | Chinese (N = 1000) n (%) | Malay (N = 583) n (%) | Indian (N = 474) n (%) | ||
Any MSI | ||||||
 60–69 | 92 (11.4) | 59 (16.3) | 33 (6.6) | 40 (11.2) | 31 (12.9) | 21 (10.9) |
 70–79 | 193 (25.4) | 89 (28.0) | 104 (23.1) | 89 (24.4) | 62 (34.0) | 42 (27.3) |
 ≥ 80 | 260 (48.3) | 110 (44.7) | 150 (50.6) | 125 (47.8) | 73 (54.1) | 62 (48.7) |
 P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Total | 545 (20.6) | 258 (22.9) | 287 (18.5) | 254 (20.4) | 166 (22.3) | 125 (19.7) |
Unilateral MSI | ||||||
 60–69 | 13 (1.3) | 7 (1.8) | 6 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | 3 (1.2) | 6 (3.1) |
 70–79 | 13 (1.3) | 5 (1.4) | 8 (1.3) | 4 (1.1) | 4 (2.3) | 5 (3.3) |
 ≥ 80 | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
 P-trend | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.75 | 0.62 | 0.80 | 0.23 |
 Total | 28 (1.2) | 12 (1.5) | 16 (1.0) | 10 (1.0) | 7 (1.4) | 11 (2.8) |
Combination MSI | ||||||
 60–69 | 56 (7.5) | 38 (10.6) | 18 (2.4) | 27 (7.6) | 19 (8.0) | 10 (5.3) |
 70–79 | 112 (15.2) | 54 (17.9) | 58 (12.9) | 54 (14.9) | 33 (18.0) | 25 (16.1) |
 ≥ 80 | 121 (25.2) | 62 (26.1) | 59 (24.6) | 67 (25.8) | 26 (19.9) | 28 (22.3) |
 P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Total | 289 (12.2) | 154 (14.5) | 135 (10.1) | 148 (12.4) | 78 (11.7) | 63 (10.1) |
Bilateral MSI | ||||||
 60–69 | 23 (2.7) | 14 (3.9) | 9 (1.4) | 9 (2.5) | 9 (3.6) | 5 (2.6) |
 70–79 | 68 (8.8) | 30 (8.8) | 38 (8.9) | 31 (8.4) | 25 (1.8) | 12 (7.9) |
 ≥ 80 | 137 (22.6) | 48 (18.6) | 89 (25.1) | 56 (21.3) | 47 (34.2) | 34 (26.4) |
 P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Total | 228 (7.2) | 92 (7.0) | 136 (7.4) | 96 (7.0) | 81 (9.3) | 51 (6.8) |