Prevalence, associated risk factors; and patient and economic impact of multiple sensory impairment in a multi-ethnic elderly population in Singapore: the PIONEER study

Table 4 Associations between any multiple sensory impairments and patient-centered outcomes

Outcomes	Exposure	Coefficient (95% CI)^a	P-value^b	Change (%)
HRQoL	None	Reference
HRQoL	Any MSI	β: -0.03 (-0.06, 0.00)	0.059	-3
Life space mobility	None	Reference
Life space mobility	Any MSI	β: -0.30 (-0.53, -0.07)	0.012	-6.8
Low IADL	None	Reference
Low IADL	Any MSI	OR: 3.31 (1.18, 9.32)	0.023	53.8
Falls	None	Reference
Falls	Any MSI	OR: 0.67 (0.33, 1.36)	0.271	-33.2
Hospitalization	None	Reference
Hospitalization	Any MSI	OR: 2.55 (0.38, 17.04)	0.334	55.7
Sarcopenia	None	Reference
Sarcopenia	Any MSI	OR: 2.21 (0.99, 4.93)	0.054	26.2
Frailty	None	Reference
Frailty	Any MSI	OR: 1.43 (0.72, 2.83)	0.311	12.4

β(s) were from normal regression models and ORs were from logistic regression models
Abbreviations: MSI multiple sensory impairments, HRQoL health-related quality of life, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
^aAdjusted for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, living alone, smoking status, alcohol frequency, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and polypharmacy
^bP-values were calculated from Wald test

ISSN: 1471-2458